O refluxo gastroesofágico e a relação mãe e bebê: estudo de caso / Gastroesophageal reflux and the mother-child relations: a case study / Le reflux gastro-œsophagien et les relations mère-enfant: une étude de cas / Reflujo gastroesofágico y la relación madre-hijo: un estudio de caso

O presente artigo problematiza aspectos afetivos inerentes à relação materno-filial que podem estar associados ao surgimento e estabelecimento de sintomas psicossomáticos de refluxo gastroesofágico no bebê de até 1 ano de idade. Para tanto, apresenta-se estudo de caso de uma díade mãe-bebê auxiliado por entrevista semiestruturada, aplicação das pranchas 1, 2 e 7MF do teste de apercepção temática e observação naturalista. Cada instrumento foi analisado qualitativamente e teve seus resultados integrados e articulados à teoria psicanalítica. Os principais resultados apontaram certa fragilidade egóica e necessidade de apoio social por parte da mãe, compatíveis com o período do puerpério. São discutidas possíveis maneiras de funcionamento do psiquismo materno, por exemplo, quando sobrecarregado com afetos ansiosos, há sobredeterminação de sintomas psicofuncionais no bebê, os quais, por sua vez, causam efeitos no modo como a mãe se posiciona no exercício da maternagem suficientemente boa, marcando um interjogo relacional

This article discusses affective aspects inherent to mother-child relations that may be associated with the onset and establishment of psychosomatic gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in infants up to 1 year old. A case study of a mother-child dyad was performed by conducting semi-structured interviews, applying the 1, 2 and 7MF cards of the Thematic Apperception Test and using naturalistic observation. Instruments were analyzed qualitatively and their results were integrated and linked to psychoanalytic theoretical framework. Results pointed to a certain egoic fragility and the need for social support for the mother compatible with the puerperium. It also discusses possible ways in which the maternal psyche functions. When overloaded with anxious affections, for example, it overdetermines psychofunctional symptoms in the baby which, in turn, affects how the mother positions herself in the exercise of good maternity, marking a relational interplay

Cet article traite des aspects affectifs inhérents aux relations mère-enfant qui peuvent être associés à l'émergence et à l'installation de symptômes psychosomatiques de reflux gastro-œsophagien chez les nourrissons jusqu'à l'âge d'un an. Une étude de cas d'une dyade mère-enfant a été réalisée en menant des entretiens semi-structurés, en appliquant les planches 1, 2 et 7MF du Test d'Aperception Thématique et en utilisant l'observation naturaliste. Les instruments ont été analysés qualitativement et leurs résultats ont été intégrés et reliés au cadre théorique psychanalytique. Les résultats ont mis en évidence une certaine fragilité égoïque et le besoin d'un soutien social pour la mère compatible avec la puerpéralité. L'étude aborde également les modes de fonctionnement possibles de la psyché maternelle. Lorsque celle-ci est surchargée d'affections anxieuses, elle surdétermine des symptômes psychofonctionnels chez le bébé qui, à leur tour, affectent la façon dont la mère se positionne dans l'exercice d'une maternité suffisamment bonne, marquant une interaction relationnelle

Este artículo discute aspectos afectivos inherentes a la relación madre-hijo que pueden estar asociados con la aparición y establecimiento de síntomas psicosomáticos del reflujo gastroesofágico en el bebé de hasta 1 año de edad. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de caso de una díada madre-hijo, con la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas, con el uso de los tableros 1, 2 y 7MF del Test de Apercepción Temática y una observación naturalista. Los instrumentos se analizaron cualitativamente, y sus resultados se integraron y vincularon al marco teórico psicoanalítico. Los principales resultados apuntaban a una cierta fragilidad egoica y la necesidad de apoyo social de la madre, compatibles con el puerperio. Se discuten posibles formas de funcionamiento de la psique materna, por ejemplo, cuando se sobrecarga de afectos ansiosos, sobredeterminando síntomas psicofuncionales en el bebé que, a su vez, provocan efectos sobre cómo se siente la madre en el ejercicio de una maternaje suficiente buena, marcando una interacción relacional

Perfusion index: Could this be a new triage tool for upper gastrointestinal system bleeding in the emergency department? A prospective cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Many scoring systems for predicting mortality, rebleeding and transfusion needs among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) have been developed. However, no scoring system can predict all these outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To show whether the perfusion index (PI), compared with the Rockall score (RS), helps predict transfusion needs and prognoses among patients presenting with UGIB in emergency departments. In this way, critical patients with transfusion needs can be identified at an early stage. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study in an emergency department in Turkey, conducted between June 2018 and June 2019. METHODS: Patients' demographic parameters, PI, RS, transfusion needs and prognosis were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 219 patients were included. Blood transfusion was performed in 174 patients (79.4%). The PI cutoff value for prediction of the need for blood transfusion was 1.17, and the RS cutoff value was 5. The area under the curve (AUC) value for PI (AUC: 0.772; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.705-0.838; P < 0.001) was higher than for RS (AUC: 0.648; 95% CI: 0.554-0.741; P = 0.002). 185 patients (84.5%) were discharged, and 34 patients (15.5%) died. The PI cutoff value for predicting mortality was 1.1, and the RS cutoff value was 7. The AUC value for PI (AUC: 0.743; 95% CI: 0.649-0.837; P < 0.001) was higher than for RS (AUC: 0.725; 95% CI: 0.639-0.811; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PI values for patients admitted to emergency departments with UGIB on admission can help predict their need for transfusion and mortality risk.

Psychodynamic Study about Reflux and Colic During the First Year of Life / Estudo Psicodinâmico dos Sintomas Refluxo e Cólica no Primeiro Ano de Vida / Estudio Psicodinámico de los Síntomas de Reflujo y Cólico en el Primer Año de Vida

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the psychodynamics of three mother-infant pairs with reflux diagnosis and two with colic diagnosis and their possible relation to the referred psychosomatic disorders. Qualitative exploratory study in which the sample was composed after signing the informed consent form. Instruments: semi-directed interview, seven boards of the Thematic Apperception Test and Naturalistic Observation. Content analysis of the interviews and TAT boards was performed and the way the mother perceived the productions of the baby was considered from naturalistic observation. These analyses supported psychodynamic interpretations of the functioning of the dyads studied. As main results, the reflux group highlights the need for maternal support and the presence of maternal ambivalence. In mother-infant pairs with colic, there is anxiety regarding their own ability to care for their child. In both groups, there is environmental influence on the way mothers feel about sufficiently good mothering.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a psicodinâmica de três pares mãe-bebê com diagnóstico de refluxo e dois com diagnóstico de cólica e sua possível relação com as referidas desordens psicossomáticas. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e exploratório cuja a amostra foi composta após assinatura do termo de consentimento. Instrumentos: entrevista semi-dirigida, sete pranchas do Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) e Observação Naturalista. Procedeu-se análise de conteúdo das entrevistas e das pranchas do TAT e, da observação naturalista, valorizou-se principalmente a maneira como a mãe percebeu as produções do bebê. Estas análises respaldaram interpretações psicodinâmicas do funcionamento das díades estudadas. Como principais resultados, destaca-se no grupo refluxo a necessidade de apoio para maternar e presença de ambivalência materna. Já nos pares mães-bebês com cólica, há ansiedade frente à própria capacidade de cuidar do filho. Nos dois grupos, há influência ambiental na maneira como as mães se sentem no exercício da maternagem suficientemente boa.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la psicodinámica de 3 parejas madre-bebé con diagnóstico de reflujo y 2 con cólico y la posible relación de estos síntomas con trastornos psicosomáticos. El estudio es cualitativo y exploratorio. La muestra se compuso después de que los participantes firmaron el formulario de consentimiento. Instrumentos: entrevista semidirigida, 7 láminas del Test de Apercepción Temática y observación naturalista. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las entrevistas y de las láminas del TAT y, a partir de la observación naturalista, se valoró la forma en que la madre percibió las producciones del bebé. Estos análisis respaldaron interpretaciones psicodinámicas del funcionamiento de las díadas estudiadas. Como resultados principales, en el grupo reflujo se destacan la necesidad de apoyo a la madre y la presencia de ambivalencia materna. En las parejas madre-bebé con cólico, se percibe ansiedad con respecto a la capacidad para cuidar al niño. En ambos grupos, hubo influencia ambiental en los sentimientos de las madres sobre el buen ejercicio de la maternidad.

A study on adverse drug reactions in hospitalized pediatric patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Pediatric populations are the most vulnerable group with regard to rational drug prescribing since many new drugs aremarketed without any proper pharmacovigilance study, thereby increasing the risk of toxicity. The study was aimedto determine the adverse drug reaction (ADR) pattern in the pediatric population over a period of 6 months. A total of200 patients were enrolled in the study, 15 patients were suspected with ADRs and were confirmed by the physiciansattending the pediatric department. Out of 15 cases, eight were male patients (53.33%) and seven were female patients.46.66% of ADRs were affected in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, followed by the gastrointestinal system (40%).Most common group of showing ADRs were found to be antibiotics (66.65%), followed by anticonvulsants (19.99%).Type B reactions were the most commonly observed ADRs, of which subtype 1 was of the common type. 73.33% ofthe events were in the probable category, 20% of the events were in the possible category, and 6.66% events were inthe definite category and also most of the ADRs were of mild varieties (60%), followed by moderate (40%). 73.33% ofADRs were cured and 26.66% were getting better with further therapeutical management. The study indicated the needfor a rigid ADR monitoring among pediatric patients to ensure the safety of drug therapy. Various pharmacovigilanceawareness programs should be conducted to increase the spontaneous reporting of ADRs.

Actualización en diagnóstico de divertículo de Meckel como causa de hemorragia gastrointestinal / Update in diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage

El Divertículo de Meckel es la malformación congénita más común del sistema gastrointestinal1 , se produce al obliterarse el conducto onfalomesentérico a nivel proximal formando un divertículo verdadero en el borde anti mesentérico a nivel del íleon, el cual debería cerrarse entre la 5ta y 6ta semana de gestación normalmente. Sus alteraciones pueden dar lugar a pólipos ductales, bandas fibrosas, quistes ductales, fístulas íleoumbilicales o más frecuentemente al Divertículo de Meckel; estas variaciones pueden asociarse a otras malformaciones en el sistema nervioso o cardiovascular2 . Los remanentes onfalomesentéricos son más frecuentes en hombres que en mujeres, con una relación 2:1, siendo la incidencia general de un 2%3 . La mayoría de los casos se mantienen asintomáticos, pero algunos pacientes, sobre todo en edades pediátricas, pueden presentar síntomas como hemorragia gastrointestinal, torsión intestinal, obstrucción o infección4 . Dada su escasa e inespecífica sintomatología, es que podría llevar al clínico a confundirlo con otros diagnósticos diferenciales tales como la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Úlceras u otras patologías. Esta una de las razones por las que nos parece relevante realizar una revisión de las técnicas diagnósticas disponibles en la actualidad con el fin de determinar las mejores opciones diagnosticas dependiendo del medio en que se desenvuelva el clínico.

Meckel Diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal system1 , it occurs when the omphalomesenteric duct is obliterated proximally, forming a true diverticulum in the anti-mesenteric border at the level of the ileum, which should be closed usually between the 5th and 6th week of gestation. Its alterations can give rise to ductal polyps, fibrous bands, ductal cysts, ileo-umbilical fistulas or more frequently to Meckel's diverticulum; These variations can be associated with other malformations in the nervous or cardiovascular system2 . Omphalomesenteric remnants are more frequent in men than in women, with a 2: 1 ratio, with a general incidence of 2% 3 . Most cases remain asymptomatic, but some patients, especially at pediatric ages, may present symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal torsion, obstruction or infection4 . Given its scarce and unspecific symptomatology, it could lead the clinician to confuse it with other differential diagnoses such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ulcers or other pathologies. This is one of the reasons why it seems relevant to review the diagnostic techniques currently available to determine the best diagnostic options depending on the environment in which the clinician operates

Clinical analysis of peri-operative gastrointestinal complications after endovascular and open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the etiology, treatment method and prevention of gastrointestinal complications(GCs) after endovascular and open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).@*Methods@#The clinical data of 716 cases who were diagnosed as AAA and underwent endovascular(EVAR) or open repair (OR) from Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University April 2009 to March 2017 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. There were 608 males (84.9%)and 108 females(15.1%), aging of 69.4 years (range: 52-86 years). There were 539 cases(75.3%) underwent EVAR and 177 cases(24.7%) underwent OR. The morbidity of GCs and mortality of GCs, such as acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, ischemic colitis, intestinal obstruction and peptic ulcer, between EVAR and OR group were compared. The treatment of the GCs and the prognosis of the patients were reported.@*Results@#The morbidity of GCs in EVAR and OR group were 4.6%(25/539)and 35.0%(62/177), respectively. There were 10 cases and 28 cases suffering from acute pancreatitis in EVAR and OR group, respectively; 4 cases and 6 cases suffering from cholecystitis in the two groups; 6 cases and 13 cases suffering from ischemic colitis in the two groups; 5 cases suffering from intestinal obstruction in OR group; 5 cases and 10 cases suffering from peptic ulcer in the two groups. Two patients died in EVAR group, and the peri-operative mortality was 0.37%, one died of ischemic colitis with acute myocardial infarction, the other died of ischemic colitis with septic shock. Six patients died in OR group, and the peri-operative mortality was 3.39%, two patients died of acute pancreatitis with intestinal necrosis, one patient died of cholangitis with peritonitis and septic shock, three patients died of ischemic colitis with acute renal failure or septicemia.@*Conclusions@#The etiology of peri-operative GCs after AAA repair may include inferior mesenteric artery occlusion or ligation, pancreas injury, organ hypoperfusion and so on.

Aproximaciones farmacológicas para el tratamiento de la obesidad / Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of obesity

RESUMEN La obesidad es uno de los más serios problemas del siglo XXI y se piensa que afecta a cerca de 300 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Según la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), el 18% de la población adulta es obesa. Más alarmante resulta el hecho de que exista una fuerte correlación entre el desarrollo de obesidad infantil y su prevalencia en la edad adulta. Asimismo, los niños que no presentan esta enfermedad tienen altas probabilidades de mantenerse dentro del peso normal en la edad adulta. Por lo cual, presentar una obesidad temprana predispone a una prevalencia de esta condición en edades adultas. La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) ha aprobado, hasta ahora, cinco medicamentos contra la obesidad a largo plazo en adultos que presentan obesidad: lorcaserina, fentermina/ topiramato, naltrexona/bupropión, y liraglutida, en los últimos dos años. Una quinta alternativa es el orlistat, un medicamento usado a corto plazo con una eficacia en su uso de hasta seis meses, y es el único utilizado para tratar la obesidad infantil. Por ello, se investigan nuevas alternativas farmacológicas. Resulta muy importante el conocimiento del eje intestino-cerebro, y de allí la importancia de la leptina, hormona que regula la ingesta de alimentos y el balance de energía en sujetos de peso normal, clave en la regulación alimentaria y corporal, tanto en niños, como en adultos.

SUMMARY Obesity is one of the most serious problems of the 21st century and is thought to affect about 300 million people worldwide. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 18% of the adult population is obese. More alarming is that there is a strong correlation between the development of childhood obesity and its prevalence in adulthood done. Likewise, children who do not have this disease have high chances of staying within normal weight into adulthood. Therefore the present obesity predisposes an early prevalence of this condition in adulthood. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved so far five drugs against long-term obesity in adults with obesity: lorcaserin, phen-termine / topiramate, naltrexone / bupropion and liraglutide in the last two years. A fifth alternative is orlistat, is a drug used short-term efficacy in use up to six months and is solely used to treat childhood obesity. Therefore, new pharmacological alternatives are investigated. It is very important is knowledge of the gut-brain axis and there leptin, which regulates food intake and energy balance in normal weight subjects and is a key hormone in food and body control in both children and adults.

Clinical effect of alanyl glutamine in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal function obstacle caused by severe phorate poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To observe the therapeutic efficacy of alanyl glutamine injection on patients with gastrointestinal function obstacle caused by severe phorate poisoning.@*Methods@#A total of 80 eligible patients with gastrointestinal function obstacle caused by severe phorate poisoning were randomly divided into the control group (n=40) and treatment group (n=40) . The control group was treated with the conventional therapy, which included forbidden diet, atropine, pralidoxime iodide, anti-inflammatory, albumin infusion, ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion, protection of organs function, blood perfusion, and Fat Emulsion, Amino Acids (17) and Glucose Injection. The treatment group was treated with alanyl glutamine injection plus the conventional therapy. To observe the time of recovering to normal of gastrointestinal function between the two groups, compared the AChE activity and changes of prealbumin, albumin and total protein of the two groups respectively. Furthermore, the total atropine dosage, the total pralidoxime iodide dosage and ICU stay time between the two groups were also compared.@*Results@#The gastrointestinal function recovery time of patients in the treatment group was less than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . From the third day of treatment, the serum cholinesterase activity of the treatment group was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . On the 5th day and 10th day of the treatment, the prealbumin, albumin and total protein of the treatment group were significantly higher than these indexes of the control group in the same period, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The total atropine dosage, the total pralidoxime iodide dosage and ICU stay time in the treatment group were lower than the control group, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Alanyl glutamine injection has a great therapeutic effect for gastrointestinal function obstacle patients caused by severe phorate poisoning.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system / 药物评价研究

Objective To study the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system.Methods Through ig giving 0.1％ methyl orange solution,the gastric residual rate was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastric emptying in mice was observed.By ig administration of 5％ carbon powder,the advance rate of carbon powder was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on intestinal motility in normal mice and the antagonistic effect on intestinal motility hyperfunction induced by neostigmine were observed.Effect of Zuojin Pill on contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine was observed.After D-xylose solution was ig given to rats,the serum xylose level was determined 1 h later,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on rat intestinal absorption was observed.The anti-diarrhea effect of Zuojin Pill was observed by giving castor oil to mice.At the same time,we have made a comparison between Zuojin Pill and Wuji Pill-berberine,to evaluate the rationalization of Zuojin Pill.Results It was obvious in experimental results that Zuojin Pill had a regulating effect on gastrointestinal system.Zuojin Pill dose-dependently inhibited the gastric emptying.Zuojin Pill demonstrated more effective suppression on the accelerated movement induced by neostigmine,but did not inhibit normal intestinal transit in mice.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited sperm motility in mice.Zuojin Pill concentration-dependently inhibited the contraction intensity of isolated ileum muscles in guinea pigs induced by histamine.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited diarrhea induced by castor oil.Compared with Wuji Pill-berberine,the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system was more visible in the same dose.Conclusion Zuojin Pill has obvious regulation effect on the gastrointestinal tract,there are indications that the application of Zuojin Pill to clinic is scientific and reasonable.

Compromiso del tubo digestivo por endometriosis: una manifestación importante de recordar / Gastrointestinal tract affected by endometriosis: a clinical condition important to take into account

Background: Endometriosis is caused by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, affecting predominantly women in reproductive age; it is an important cause of infertility. The presence of these lesions in the digestive tract in an unusual complication, of unspecific symptoms, rarely suspected and thus its diagnosis may be delayed. The suspicion can be confirmed by means of ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT), however magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the study of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. Objective:The aim of the current review is to identify the characteristics of endometriosis and illustrate the utility and limitations of the CT and the MR in the diagnosis of this disease.

Antecedentes: La endometriosis es causada por la presencia de tejido endometrial fuera del útero que afecta predominantemente a mujeres en edad fértil y es causa importante de infertilidad. La presencia de estas lesiones en el tubo digestivo es una complicación infrecuente, de sintomatología inespecífica, escasamente sospechada y cuyo diagnóstico puede verse pospuesto. Si bien su sospecha puede realizarse mediante la ecotomografía y la tomografía computada (TC), la resonancia magnética (RM) se ha convertido en el estudio de elección tanto para el diagnóstico como el seguimiento. Objetivo: La presente revisión busca identificar las características de la endometriosis e ilustrar sobre la utilidad y limitaciones de la TC y la RM en el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.

Extrapancreatic Effect of Glucagon like Peptide-1 / 대한내과학회지

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal L cell derived incretin hormone which stimulates insulin secretion of beta cell and inhibits glucagon secretion of alpha cell of pancreatic islets. GLP-1 receptors are located in pancreas as well as in a wide variety of tissue such as gastrointestinal tract, heart, blood vessel, lung, brain, kidney, and bone. Therefore GLP-1 and GLP-1 based treatment have multiple extrapancreatic effects which are inhibition of gastrointestinal motility, reduction of appetite, weight loss, increase of cardiac output, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, renoprotection, and increase of bone mineral density. Recently, besides GLP-1 receptor dependent pathway, GLP-1 receptor independent pathway has been identified in the extrapancreatic effect of GLP-1 in liver, adipose tissue, muscle, cardiovascular system. This review provides an overview of the pleiotropic effect of GLP-1 in the extrapancreatic organ through review of animal and clinical research.

Value of gastrointestinal tract preparation with oral administration of anisodamine and isotonic mannitol in 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To investigate the value of gastrointestinal tract preparation with oral racean?isodamine tablets and isotonic mannitol in 18 F?FDG PET/CT imaging. Methods From July to September 2013, 129 patients with confirmed or suspected tumors who were referred for 18 F?FDG PET/CT imaging were divided into 2 groups. In the study group (30 males, 37 females, age (53.4±13.9) years), raceanisodam?ine tablets (10 mg) and 1 000-1 200 ml isotonic mannitol solution (2.5%) were orally taken at 10 min after in?jection of 18F?FDG;while in the control group (37 males, 25 females, age (60.0±12.8) years), 1 000-1 200 ml water was given. Mann?Whitney u test was used to compare the difference between the 2 groups in the filling degree of gastrointestinal lumen, delineation of tube wall, physiological uptake, matching degree of PET and CT images, delineation of mesentery, and the influence of gastrointestinal uptake on the identification of ab?dominal and pelvic lesions. χ2 test was used to compare the difference between the 2 groups in the uptake pattern of gastrointestinal tract and the incidence of side effects. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between gastrointestinal lumen filling and PET/CT image matching. Results The gas?trointestinal lumen filling, delineation of tube wall, PET/CT image matching in the stomach, small intestine and colon (z: -5.096 to -2.665, all P0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the uptake pattern of small intestine between the two groups(χ2=12.884, P0.05). The incidence of transient diarrhea (20?9%, 14/67) was higher in the study group than that in the control group (4.8%, 3/62;χ2=7.256,P<0.01). Conclusions The abdominal PET/CT image quality is improved by gastrointestinal preparation with oral raceanisodamine tablets (10 mg) and 1 000-1 200 ml isoton?ic mannitol solution (2.5%).

Evaluation of probiotic properties of Pediococcus acidilactici B14 in association with Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 for application in a soy based aerated symbiotic dessert

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of Pediococcus acidilactici B14 and to study its resistance in the gastrointestinal system when combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and used in a potentially symbiotic aerated soy based dessert. P. acidilactici B14 showed some important probiotic characteristics such as survival rate of 45.9% at pH 2.5; 72.4% in 0.3% bile salts and 95.8% after gastrointestinal transit at pH 4.0. Tolerance against the antibiotics cephalexin, neomycin, vancomycin, cefotaxime and penicillin G was also observed. The strain inhibited antagonism against the following cultures: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cereus ATCC 33018, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P and Salmonella sp. The mixed culture of P. acidilactici B14 with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 showed a survival rate of 92.4% after the passage through the gastrointestinal system at pH 4.0. Furthermore, in the presence of the food matrix, an average increase in cell viability, after being subjected to the gastrointestinal system of 9.9% at pH 2.0 and 6.1% at pH 4.0, was observed. This characterized the adequacy of the associated culture as probiotic in the development of a functional food such as soy based aerated symbiotic dessert.

<b>A Consideration of </b><b><i>Shukuben </i></b><b>(Feces Stagnation in the Digestive Tract) </b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

It has been thought that the term “<i>shukuben</i>” does not mean a simple constipation but rather that a substance is stagnating in the digestive tract despite ordinary defecation. However, there has been no concrete evidence for this <i>shukuben </i>definition.<br>The authors have obtained evidence for what may be one type of <i>shukuben</i>, by means of X-ray photography after an upper digestive tract examination using a barium sulfate contrast medium, in a patient with irritable bowel syndrome. The X-rays showed the contrast medium adhering to the colon wall three days post-examination despite subsequent diarrhea, suggesting one type of <i>shukuben</i>. In this paper, the authors also reported the result of a historical search for the term <i>shukuben </i>in the past medical textbooks, which revealed that the first description of this term is found in <i>hougizashi </i>and was described by Yodo Odai. We also considered that this term is a derivation of <i>shukushoku </i>meaning a stagnation of digestive tract contents.

Correlation Between Gastrointestinal System and Brain in Acute Cerebrovascular Disease / 中国中医药信息杂志

Cerebrovascular disease, also known as a cerebral vascular accident, is named “stroke” in traditional Chinese medicine, there is close correlation between acute cerebrovascular disease and gastrointestinal system. In this paper, we discussed 3 parts about the relationship between the gastrointestinal system and brain. First, in the traditional Chinese medicine theory, there is close relationship between gastrointestinal system and brain from the physiological function and Meridian theory. Secondly, clinical practice indicated that heat phlegm fu-organ syndrome is the main syndrome of acute cerebrovascular disease. The main symptom of this syndrome is the constipation, which is an important part of the disease transition. Furthermore, in acute cerebrovascular disease, the brain-gut peptide esp. CCK and surface colonic electrical physiological changes are the material and electrophysiological basic on the relationship between gastrointestinal system and brain.

Clinical Study on Effect of Baohe Granules on Chronic Heart Failure Patients with TCM Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretion / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study the effect of Baohe granules for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome and the effect of gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Patients with CHF were used as the object of study. A total of 80 selected patients were divided into 2 groups. The control group was treated with western medicine anti-heart failure therapy. The treatment group was treated with the combination of Baohe granules. All patients were compared in aspects of TCM efficacy, symptom score and serum gastrin, motilin secretion after two-week medication. The results showed that both treatments can significantly improve the TCM syn-drome and symptom total score of CHF patients. And the effect of the treatment group with Baohe granules was bet-ter. The TCM single symptom integral was also obviously improved in the treatment group combined with Baohe granules, which included heart palpitations, shortness of breath, abdominal distension, and loss of appetite. The GAS and MTL levels of CHF patients were significantly increased in the treatment group. It was concluded that the treat-ment combined with Baohe granules can improve CHF patients with TCM syndromes, symptoms and gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Thus, it contributed to the stability of the disease condition. It can slow the disease progression and improve prognosis. So it is worth using widely in the clinical practice.

Transportadores de lípidos biliares: una revisión actualizada / Biliary lipids transporters: an update review

Las sales biliares, colesterol y fosfatidilcolina son los lípidos más importantes de la bilis; su transporte está regulado por una red compleja de proteínas de las familias Casete de Unión a ATP y transportadora de solutos. Los transportadores de lípidos biliares son proteínas que intervienen en la fisiopatología de numerosas enfermedades del sistema gastrointestinal, por lo tanto, son importantes moléculas de estudio y en un futuro pueden ser nuevas dianas terapéuticas que eviten la prevalencia de enfermedades como hipercolesterolemia, cálculos biliares, colestasis, trastornos de la bilirrubina, entre otras. La presente revisión hace una evaluación actualizada sobre la función específica de los transportadores de lípidos biliares, su regulación genética e implicación fisiopatológica

Bile salts, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine are the major lipids of bile; its secretion is regulated by an elaborate network of family proteins such as ATP Binding Cassette and the Solute Carrier. Biliary lipids transporters are proteins involved in physiopathology of many diseases of gastrointestinal system, therefore it are important molecules of study and the future it may be new therapeutic targets to prevent the prevalence of diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia, gallstones, cholestasis, bilirubin disorders among other. This review makes a current evaluation on the specific role of biliary lipids transporters, its genetic regulation and physiopathological implications

Clinical characteristics of acute graft-versus-host disease confined solely to gastrointestinal tract after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华内科杂志

Objective To observe the characteristics of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) confined solely to gastrointestinal tract after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods Clinical data of 307 patients who received allo-HSCT in our hospital between November 2007 and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical features, risk factors, therap(e)utic effects and prognosis of 38 patients whose aGVHD confined solely to gastrointestinal tract after allo-HSCT were analyzed.Results The incidence of aGVHD was 56. 7% (174/307). aGVHD confined solely to gastrointestinal tract occurred in 38 out of 174 patients (21.8%). The incidence of aGVHD confined solely to gastrointestinal tract was affected by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible level. The patients transplanted from HLA-matched donor had a higher probability of aGVHD confined solely to the gastrointestinal tract. After treatment with glucocorticoids or anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody, 2 patients who had aGVHD confined solely to the gastrointestinal tract died of uncontrolled aGVHD and concurrent infection. The total effective rate was 94.7%. But for patients who had aGVHD between Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree and not confined solely to gastrointestinal,therapeutic effective rate was 85.2%. There was a difference in therapeutic effect between the two groups (P =0. 015). Anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody was used in 12 patients who had aGVHD confined solely to the gastrointestinal tract and all patients' conditions of aGVHD were controlled. Conclusions aGVHD confined solely to gastrointestinal tract after HSCT was not rare. The incidence of aGVHD confined solely to gastrointestinal tract was higher in HLA-matched sibling donor than in mismatched transplantation.Therapeutic efficacy for the aGVHD confined solely to gastrointestinal tract was good. The favorable outcome might be related with the application of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody.

Effects of GLP-1 on the gastrointestinal system / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an ineretin hormone released from intestinal L-cells into circulation in response to dietary nutrient intake.Based on the recently finished studies,we reviewed the impact of GLP-1 on gastric emptying,satiety,and food intake.Meanwhile,the ehnical advantage and gastrointestinal adverse effects of long-acting GLP-1 analogue liraglutide were evaluated.

Comparison of the effect of positive and negative oral contrast agents on delineation and 18F-FDG uptake of gastrointestinal tract / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To compare the different effects of 1% diatrizoate meglumine,2.5% mannitol and water as oral contrasts in PET/CT scan in gastrointestinal tract delineation and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Methods Sixty-one patients referred for PET/CT scan without gastrointestinal diseases were divided into three groups randomly ( random number method). One liter of 1% diatrizoate meglumine,2.5% mannitol,or water was orally taken by groups 1 (25 cases),2 (20 cases) and 3 ( 16 cases),respectively before scan. The scan was performed with GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner in two-dimensional (2D) mode 50 min after 18F-FDG (5.55 MBq/kg) injection. Patients with abdominal lesions were excluded from this study. The degree of gastrointestinal filling and 18F-FDG uptake was evaluated by 3 nuclear medicine physicians using visual analysis according to a 4-grade classification method:none,mild,moderate,and high. Statistically analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis,Mann-Whitney and paired t tests.Results Both the differences of serum glucose and insulin levels were not significant before and after contrast taken in group 2. Group 2 had better gastrointestinal filling than that of group 1 and also better than group 3 except in rectum. The stomach,jejunum,ascending,and transverse colon were better filled in group 1 than in group 3. The degree of 18F-FDG uptake of group 3 was significantly higher than that of group 2 in stomach,jejunum and ileum (z= -3. 192,-3.290,-3.290,all P＜0.05),and was also significantly higher than that of group 1 (z = - 3. 603,P ＜ 0.05) in jejunum. The degree of 18 F-FDG uptake of group 3 was significantly lower than that of group 1 in ascending colon (z = - 2. 706,P ＜ 0. 05 ) and was significantly lower than that of group 1 and 2 in transverse and descending colon (z= - 3. 503,- 2.403,- 4.225,-4. 027,all P ＜0.05),and was also significantly lower than that of group 2 in rectum (z = -4. 128,P ＜0. 01 ). The maximum CT values in stomach,jejunum,ileum and ascending colon in group 1 were ( 132 ±23),(191 ±31),(313 ±47) and (374±53) HU,respectively,whose difference was significant (t = -7.088--1.781,all P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusion Oral iso-osmotic mannitol intake has better gastrointestinal filling and less physiological 18F-FDG uptake compared to diatrizoate meglumine and water.